Introduction

To improve data security, developers can encrypt users' media streams during the real-time engagement. Agora supports built-in encryption and customized encryption, and the differences between two encryption schemes are as follows:

• Built-in encryption: The encryption mode and encryption key exist in the app and the SDK.
• Customized encryption: The encryption mode and encryption key only exist in the app.

You can choose an encryption schema according to your needs.

The following diagram describes the encrypted data transmission process:

Implementation

Before enabling the encryption, ensure that you have implemented the basic real-time communication functions in your project. For details, see Start a Video Call or Start Live Interactive Video Streaming.

Use the built-in encryption

Before joining a channel, call enableEncryption to enable the built-in encryption, and set the encryption mode and encryption key.

Agora supports the following encryption modes:

• AES_128_XTS: 128-bit AES encryption, XTS mode.
• AES_128_ECB: 128-bit AES encryption, ECB mode.
• AES_256_XTS: 256-bit AES encryption, XTS mode.

Sample code

// Creates an EncryptionConfig instance.
EncryptionConfig config = new EncryptionConfig();
// Sets the encryption mode as AES_128_XTS.
config.encryptionMode = EncryptionConfig.AES_128_XTS;
// Sets the encryption key.
config.encryptionKey = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
// Enables the built-in encryption.
mRtcEngine.enableEncryption(true, config);

API reference

enableEncryption

Use the customized encryption

To implement the customized encryption, use IPacketObserver class and registerPacketObserver in C++ as follows:

1. Before joining a channel, call registerPacketObserver to register the packet observer, so that you can receive events during audio or video packet transmission.

     virtual int registerPacketObserver(IPacketObserver* observer);

2. Implement an IPacketObserver class.

   class IPacketObserver
   {
   public:
   
   struct Packet
   {
   // Buffer address of the sent or received data.
   const unsigned char* buffer;
   // Buffer size of the sent or received data.
   unsigned int size;
   };
   
   // Occurs when the local user sends an audio packet.
   // The SDK triggers this callback before the audio packet is sent to the remote user.
   // @param packet See Packet.
   // @return
   // - true: The audio packet is sent successfully.
   // - false: The audio packet is discarded.
   virtual bool onSendAudioPacket(Packet& packet) = 0;
   
   // Occurs when the local user sends a video packet.
   // The SDK triggers this callback before the video packet is sent to the remote user.
   // @param packet See Packet.
   // @return
   // - true: The video packet is sent successfully.
   // - false: The video packet is discarded.
   virtual bool onSendVideoPacket(Packet& packet) = 0;
   
   // Occurs when the local user receives an audio packet.
   // The SDK triggers this callback before the audio packet of the remote user is received.
   // @param packet See Packet.
   // @return
   // - true: The audio packet is sent successfully.
   // - false: The audio packet is discarded.
   virtual bool onReceiveAudioPacket(Packet& packet) = 0;
   
   // Occurs when the local user receives a video packet.
   // The SDK triggers this callback before the video packet of the remote user is received.
   // @param packet See Packet.
   // @return
   // - true: The video packet is sent successfully.
   // - false: The video packet is discarded.
   virtual bool onReceiveVideoPacket(Packet& packet) = 0;
   };

3. Inherit the IPacketObserver class and use your customized encryption algorithm on your app.

   class AgoraPacketObserver : public agora::IPacketObserver
    {
    public:
        AgoraPacketObserver()
        {
            m_txAudioBuffer.resize(2048);
            m_rxAudioBuffer.resize(2048);
            m_txVideoBuffer.resize(2048);
            m_rxVideoBuffer.resize(2048);
        }
        virtual bool onSendAudioPacket(Packet& packet)
        {
            int i;
            // Encrypts the packet.
            const unsigned char* p = packet.buffer;
            const unsigned char* pe = packet.buffer+packet.size;
   
            for (i = 0; p < pe && i < m_txAudioBuffer.size(); ++p, ++i)
            {
                m_txAudioBuffer[i] = *p ^ 0x55;
            }
            // Sends the buffer and size of the encrypted data to the SDK.
            packet.buffer = &m_txAudioBuffer[0];
            packet.size = i;
            return true;
        }
   
        virtual bool onSendVideoPacket(Packet& packet)
        {
            int i;
            // Encrypts the packet.
            const unsigned char* p = packet.buffer;
            const unsigned char* pe = packet.buffer+packet.size;
            for (i = 0; p < pe && i < m_txVideoBuffer.size(); ++p, ++i)
            {
                m_txVideoBuffer[i] = *p ^ 0x55;
            }
            // Sends the buffer and size of the encrypted data to the SDK.
            packet.buffer = &m_txVideoBuffer[0];
            packet.size = i;
            return true;
        }
   
        virtual bool onReceiveAudioPacket(Packet& packet)
        {
            int i = 0;
            // Decrypts the packet.
            const unsigned char* p = packet.buffer;
            const unsigned char* pe = packet.buffer+packet.size;
            for (i = 0; p < pe && i < m_rxAudioBuffer.size(); ++p, ++i)
            {
                m_rxAudioBuffer[i] = *p ^ 0x55;
            }
            // Sends the buffer and size of the decrypted data to the SDK.
            packet.buffer = &m_rxAudioBuffer[0];
            packet.size = i;
            return true;
        }
   
        virtual bool onReceiveVideoPacket(Packet& packet)
        {
            int i = 0;
            // Decrypts the packet.
            const unsigned char* p = packet.buffer;
            const unsigned char* pe = packet.buffer+packet.size;
   
            for (i = 0; p < pe && i < m_rxVideoBuffer.size(); ++p, ++i)
            {
                m_rxVideoBuffer[i] = *p ^ 0x55;
            }
            // Sends the buffer and size of the decrypted data to the SDK.
            packet.buffer = &m_rxVideoBuffer[0];
            packet.size = i;
            return true;
        }
   
    private:
        std::vector<unsigned char> m_txAudioBuffer; // Buffer for sending the audio data
        std::vector<unsigned char> m_txVideoBuffer; // Buffer for sending the video data
   
        std::vector<unsigned char> m_rxAudioBuffer; // Buffer for receiving the audio data
        std::vector<unsigned char> m_rxVideoBuffer; // Buffer for receiving the video data
    };

4. Implement a Java wrapper. You can refer to the following example:

     JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_io_agora_video_demo_RtcEngineEncryption_enableEncryption(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jlong engineHandle)
   {
      typedef jint (*PFN_registerAgoraPacketObserver)(void* engine, agora::IPacketObserver* observer);
   
      void* handle = dlopen("libagora-rtc-sdk-jni.so", RTLD_LAZY);
      if (!handle)
      {
         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "agora encrypt demo",
   
   "cannot find libagora-rtc-sdk-jni.so");
         return -1;
      }
      PFN_registerAgoraPacketObserver pfn = (PFN_registerAgoraPacketObserver)dlsym(handle, "registerAgoraPacketObserver");
      if (!pfn)
      {
         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "aogra encrypt demo", "cannot find registerAgoraPacketObserver");
         return -2;
      }
      return pfn((void*)engineHandle, &s_packetObserver);
   }
   
   Java wrapper:
   public class RtcEngineEncryption {
       static {
           System.loadLibrary("agora-encrypt-demo-jni");
       }
       public static native int enableEncryption(long rtcEngineHandle);
   }

5. Call registerAgoraPacketObserver implemented in step 4 to register the IPacketObserver instance.

API reference

registerPacketObserver